SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Marxists Internet Archive</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marxists Internet Archive</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</div>

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Marxists Internet Archive</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Online_encyclopedia" title="Online encyclopedia">Online encyclopedia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">Multi-lingual (80 languages)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.org">marxists<wbr>.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1990<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1990</span>)</span></li><li>1993<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993</span>)</span> (gopher site)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Marxists Internet Archive</b>, also known as <b>MIA</b> or <b>Marxists.org</b>, is a non-profit <a href="Online_encyclopedia" title="Online encyclopedia">online encyclopedia</a> that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of <a href="Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a>, <a href="Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a>, and <a href="Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> writers, such as <a href="Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, <a href="Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a>, <a href="Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>, <a href="Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a>, <a href="Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, <a href="Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>, <a href="Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>, <a href="Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a>, <a href="Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a>, and <a href="Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a>, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, <a href="Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a>). The collection is maintained by volunteers and is based on a collection of documents that were distributed by email and newsgroups, later collected into a single <a href="Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">gopher</a> site in 1993. It contains over 180,000 documents from over 850 authors in 80 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All material in the archive is provided free of charge to users, although not necessarily free of copyright.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3></div>

<p>The archive was created in 1990 by a person known only by their Internet tag, Zodiac, who started archiving Marxist texts by transcribing the works of <a href="Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a> and <a href="Engels" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels">Engels</a> into <a href="E-text" title="E-text">E-text</a>, starting with the <i><a href="Communist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Manifesto">Communist Manifesto</a></i>. In 1993 the accumulated text was posted on a gopher site at csf.colorado.edu. Volunteers joined and helped spread and mirror the main archive. However, the main site and its mirrors were hosted on academic servers and by the end of 1995 almost all had been shut down.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_MIA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_MIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>By 1996 the website, Marx.org, was hosted by a commercial <a href="Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">ISP</a>. This was followed by an increased activity from the volunteers. In the following years, however, a conflict developed between the volunteers working on the website and Zodiac, who retained control of the project and domain name. As the scope of the archive expanded, Zodiac feared that the opening toward diverse currents of <a href="Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> was a "slippery slope" toward <a href="Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">sectarianism</a>. The volunteers who had been undertaking the work of transcribing texts resented having little influence over the way in which the archive was organized and run. In early 1998 Zodiac decided that Marx.org would return to its roots and that all writers other than Marx and Engels would be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_MIA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_MIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marxism_on_the_Web_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marxism_on_the_Web-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In July 1998 the present form of the Marxists Internet Archive (marxists.org) was created by volunteers transferring files and archives from Marx.org. This led to a further increase in activity and an enlargement of the scope of the archive. As for Marx.org, Zodiac closed it down in 1999, and in 2002 he gave up the domain name, which was purchased by the MIA.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_MIA_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_MIA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marxism_on_the_Web_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marxism_on_the_Web-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with marxists.org, the MIA can be reached by two other domain names: lenin.org and trotsky.org.

</p><p>The site, and the group of volunteers working on it, has dramatically changed since its early beginnings. By 2014 it had grown to encompass 62 volunteers in 33 different countries, and held over 50,000 items in 54 languages covering the works of over 600 authors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today the Marxists Internet Archive is a recognized <a href="Disciplinary_repository" title="Disciplinary repository">repository</a> for both Marxist and non-Marxist writers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is listed in the <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a href="WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a> catalog,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been selected for archiving by institutions such as the <a href="British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ireland's <a href="University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the US <a href="Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_attacks">2007 attacks</h3></div>

<p>MIA has had problems with malicious attacks from online sources. Beginning in November 2006, the Marxists Internet Archive faced a number of serious <a href="Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attacks</a>, attempting to exploit a misconfiguration in their server's operating system. By January 2007, the attacks had crippled much of the archive, and left volunteers with <a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> issues.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That the majority of systems involved in the attack were either in China or belonging to Chinese institutions led to speculation that the attacks may have been politically motivated and directed by the <a href="China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> since the website was shortly blocked in China in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The severity of the attack, coupled with other hosting issues, led to the closure of the Marxists Internet Archive's main server and several of its mirrors for a number of weeks in February and March 2007.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyright_issue_on_Marx/Engels_collected_works">Copyright issue on Marx/Engels collected works</h3></div>

<p>In late April 2014, the small British publishers <a href="Lawrence_%26_Wishart" title="Lawrence & Wishart">Lawrence & Wishart</a> (L&W) chose to revoke their permission for their English language version of the <a href="Marx/Engels_Collected_Works" title="Marx/Engels Collected Works">Marx/Engels Collected Works</a> to be reprinted in part on MIA.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an email in late April 2014, L&W asked MIA to delete the contested material from their website by the end of April or face litigation.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MIA chose to follow the request. An online petition was started against the L&W decision, and had the support of more than 4,500 people by the end of the month.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author of the petition, <a href="Ammar_Aziz" title="Ammar Aziz">Ammar Aziz</a>, was quoted in <i><a href="Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i> magazine: "You cannot privatize their writings—they are the collective property of the people they wrote for. Privatization of Marx and Engels' writings is like getting a trademark for the words 'socialism' or 'communism.'"<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Andy_Blunden" title="Andy Blunden">Andy Blunden</a>, a representative of MIA, did not dispute that L&W has copyright over the material.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was quoted in the Washington D.C.–based <i><a href="The_Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" title="The Chronicle of Higher Education">Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i>: "The professors and the historians will be able to write learned articles about what Marx said, but the general population are going to be left back in 1975 [the year when the publication of the Collected Works began]".<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to widespread criticism, L&W issued a statement objecting to the "campaign of online abuse".<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3></div>

<p>The MIA is administered by a <a href="Committee#Steering_committee" title="Committee">steering committee</a>, composed of all active volunteers. The committee decides issues such as the categorization of writers, modifications to the <a href="Bylaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bylaw">bylaws</a> (by 3/4 majority), financial issues of all kinds, and similar matters. Administrators are unpaid volunteers who assume additional responsibilities over certain section(s) of MIA.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MIA is incorporated in the U.S. state of <a href="California" title="California">California</a> and registered with the U.S. tax service as a <a href="Non-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit">non-profit</a>, 501(c)(3) organization.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the MIA <a href="Charter" title="Charter">charter</a>, its content will always be offered 100% free, in compliance with all capitalist copyright laws. All the material stored in the archives is either <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>, under the <a href="GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>, or used with the copyright holders' permission. Any work created by MIA volunteers is under the <a href="Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a> 2.0 license.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_location_and_mirrors">Physical location and mirrors</h3></div>

<p>The website is primarily served via an <a href="ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISP</a> in <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and three <a href="Mirror_website" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirror website">mirrors</a> exist, two of them in <a href="Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marxists.architexturez.net/">France</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.catbull.com/">Germany</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406044322/http://marxists.catbull.com/">Archived</a> 2015-04-06 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), and one in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.info/">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distribution">Distribution</h3></div>

<p>Through 2013, a 3-disc <a href="CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a>/<a href="DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> volume archive (containing the material on the website) was sold, although many copies were distributed every year for free to individuals and groups in developing and underdeveloped countries. These measures were not only meant to allow easy access to the material in the archive, but also as a way of ensuring the continuity of the archive. As they put it: "If the Archive is shut down by a publishing conglomerate or the government, having this information widely dispersed around the world, essentially untraceable, with the content entirely intact, is a great thing."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2014, the MIA was 138 GB; it was then decided to discontinue the DVD<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to distribute a portable USB hard drive that contains the entire contents of the MIA on it. The portable HDD has now also been discontinued.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MIA_as_a_book_publisher">MIA as a book publisher</h3></div>

<p>In addition to distribution of its hard drive archives, in 2008 the MIA launched Marxist Internet Archive Publications, which has, As of October 2022, published eight titles including volumes on <a href="Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="Social_history" title="Social history">social history</a>, Soviet <a href="Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and <a href="Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a>, and an anthology of writings by <a href="Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">José Carlos Mariátegui</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which it distributes through Erythrós Press and Media, LLC.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archival_structure">Archival structure</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<p>Most of material on the website is formatted in <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, and the style of the documents is determined with <a href="Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</a>. <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> is sometimes used, especially for languages which don't yet have computer <a href="Font" title="Font">fonts</a> or <a href="Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">OCR software</a> available. Many PDFs have been added for the purposes of putting up revolutionary and socialist publications, presented as they were printed. This has added to the bulk of the growth of the MIA.

</p><p>The <a href="Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup</a> and style of the archive varies from one section to the other, depending on the volunteers who work there, but all are built on a common basic document template. The archive includes section dedicated to specific historical topics, such as the history of the <a href="Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the <a href="Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, as well as broader subject topics, such as <a href="Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. It also includes a reference section called the "Encyclopedia of Marxism", containing definitions of Marxist terms, short biographies, and historical material.

</p><p>The MIA is divided into a number of non-English language sections. As of 6 April 2020, the MIA website included content in 80 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although each of the non-English sections is intended over time to replicate the basic structure of the main (English-language) section, in practice these vary widely in size and scope. Some of these language sections house only a few documents by Marx and Engels, while others are more extensive—for example, the <a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> section has the complete collected works of Marx, Engels, and Lenin.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_digital_library_projects" title="List of digital library projects">List of digital library projects</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_online_encyclopedias" title="List of online encyclopedias">List of online encyclopedias</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/intro/main.htm">"MIA Introduction"</a>. <i>www.marxists.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180716014430/https://www.marxists.org/admin/intro/main.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/charter.htm#c1">"Charter of the Marxists Internet Archive (M.I.A.)"</a>. <i>marxists.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424232753/https://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/charter.htm#c1">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-History_of_MIA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_MIA_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_MIA_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_of_MIA_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/intro/history/index.htm">"History of MIA"</a>. <i>Marxists Internet Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425001640/http://www.marxists.org/admin/intro/history/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1995" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Newman, Nathan (June 20, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20031120155633/http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pkt/1995m06-d/msg00015.htm">"Marx/Engels WWW Archive – REMOVED (fwd)"</a>. <i>PKT</i> (Mailing list). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.econ.utah.edu/archives/pkt/1995m06-d/msg00015.htm">the original</a> on November 20, 2003.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Marxism_on_the_Web-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marxism_on_the_Web_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marxism_on_the_Web_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEmpson2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Empson, Martin (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=61&issue=105">"Marxism on the Web"</a>. <i><a href="International_Socialism_(magazine)" title="International Socialism (magazine)">International Socialism</a></i>. No. 105. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218071356/http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=61&issue=105">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2015.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/intro/main.htm">"Introduction"</a>. <i>Marxists Internet Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908132241/http://www.marxists.org/admin/intro/main.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2003" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Mills (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/39/index.html">"Marxists Internet Archive"</a>. <i>World History Sources</i>. Fairfax County, Virginia, USA: George Mason University's Center for History and New Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110917191753/http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/39/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2011.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2002" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Stefan (2002). <i>Marx for a Post-Communist Era</i>. <a href="Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 173. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0415201933</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKohanBrito2007" class="citation book cs1">Kohan, Nestor; Brito, Pier (2007). <i>Marxismo para principiantes: Leer a Marx desde el Siglo XXI</i>. Buenos Aires: Era Naciente. p. 191.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100622041359/http://www.ugr.es/~pgomez/docencia/master-metod/temas/sitios-filosofia-contemporanea.htm">"Los mejores portales de filosofía contemporánea"</a>. Departamento de Filosofía, <a href="Universidad_de_Granada" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de Granada">Universidad de Granada</a> (Spain). January 20, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugr.es/~pgomez/docencia/master-metod/temas/sitios-filosofia-contemporanea.htm">the original</a> on June 22, 2010.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AMarxists+Internet+Archive+%28Firm%29&qt=hot_author">"Marxists Internet Archive"</a>. <i><a href="Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">Online Computer Library Center</a> (OCLC) Online Union Catalog</i>. August 20, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426191340/http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AMarxists+Internet+Archive+%28Firm%29&qt=hot_author">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506213516/https://www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa/target/120534">"UK Web Archive"</a>. <a href="British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa/target/120534">the original</a> on May 6, 2012.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucc.ie/acad/socstud/tmp_store/mia/Library/">"Archived copy of MIA"</a>. <a href="University_College_Cork" title="University College Cork">University College Cork</a>'s College of Arts, Celtic Studies, and Social Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212133602/http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/marxists/incidents.htm">"Attack Log"</a>. Marxists Internet Archive. January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/marxists/incidents.htm">the original</a> on December 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2007" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Noam (February 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070207111527/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/05/yourmoney/marx.php">"Online Marxist archive blames China for electronic attacks"</a>. <i><a href="International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune">International Herald Tribune</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/02/05/yourmoney/marx.php">the original</a> on February 7, 2007.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Howard-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHoward2014" class="citation news cs1">Howard, Jennifer (April 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/article/Readers-of-MarxEngels/146251/">"Readers of Marx and Engels Decry Publisher's Assertion of Copyright"</a>. <i><a href="Chronicle_of_Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicle of Higher Education">Chronicle of Higher Education</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201060229/http://www.chronicle.com/article/Readers-of-MarxEngels/146251/">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2017.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Cohen-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2014" class="citation news cs1">Cohen, Noam (April 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/01/arts/claiming-a-copyright-on-marx-how-uncomradely.html?hpw&rref=books&_r=0">"Claiming a Copyright on Marx? How Uncomradely"</a>. <i><a href="New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212131356/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/01/arts/claiming-a-copyright-on-marx-how-uncomradely.html?hpw&rref=books&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2019.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTobar2014" class="citation news cs1">Tobar, Hector (April 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-radicals-fight-over-a-karl-marx-copyright-20140429,0,303004.story#axzz30PWRhD34">"Radicals fight over a Karl Marx copyright"</a>. <i><a href="Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506035136/http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-radicals-fight-over-a-karl-marx-copyright-20140429,0,303004.story#axzz30PWRhD34">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2014.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Pearson, Jordan (May 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/not-even-radical-communist-literature-is-immune-to-copyright-battles/">"Not Even Radical Communist Literature Is Immune to Copyright Battles"</a>. <i>Motherboard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140503202559/http://motherboard.vice.com/read/not-even-radical-communist-literature-is-immune-to-copyright-battles">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2014.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/bylaws.htm">"Bylaws of MIA"</a>. Marxists Internet Archive. November 18, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908104440/http://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/bylaws.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2016.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/nonprofit/index.htm">"Letter from U.S. Internal Revenue Service to Marxists Internet Archive"</a>. October 1, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160909130502/http://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/nonprofit/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2016.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/charter.htm">"Charter of the MIA"</a>. Marxists Internet Archive. December 6, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908133340/http://www.marxists.org/admin/legal/charter.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2016.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/mirrors/index.htm">"Marxists Internet Archive Mirrors"</a>. <i>Marxists Internet Archive</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200903052043/https://www.marxists.org/admin/mirrors/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425060706/https://www.marxists.org/admin/hd-external/">"Marxists.org on 160GB HD"</a>. Marxists Internet Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/hd-external/">the original</a> on April 25, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/espanol/admin/cd.htm">"Marxists.org en DVD"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715201548/https://www.marxists.org/espanol/admin/cd.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/books/index.htm">"Marxists Internet Archive Publications"</a>. Marxists Internet Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912230456/http://www.marxists.org/admin/books/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/books/payment/index.htm">"Marxists Internet Archive Publications: Payment for Books"</a>. Marxists Internet Archive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917042552/https://www.marxists.org/admin/books/payment/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/xlang/index.htm">"Marxists Internet Archive, Cross-Language Index"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190815010823/https://www.marxists.org/xlang/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2019.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMcLemee2014" class="citation news cs1">McLemee, Scott (April 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2014/04/30/commentary-marx-engels-collected-works-dispute">"Value, Price, and Profit"</a>. <i><a href="Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a></i>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .infobox .side-box{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="side-box side-box-right sistersitebox">

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marxists_Internet_Archive" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Marxists Internet Archive">Marxists Internet Archive</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/">Marxists Internet Archive</a> Internet frontpage of MIA.

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/mirrors/index.htm">MIA Mirrors</a> Links to mirrors of Marxists.org</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427003117/http://www.marxistsfr.org/francais/index.htm">French Mirror</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxists.catbull.com/">German Mirror</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406044322/http://marxists.catbull.com/">Archived</a> 2015-04-06 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marxists.architexturez.net/">U.S. Southern Mirror</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/admin/books/index.htm">Marxists Internet Archive Publications.</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=61">Interview with volunteers of the Marxists Internet Archive</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isj.org.uk/">International Socialism</a>,</i> no. 105 (Jan. 2005).</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cseweb.org.uk/pdfs/CC89/7._marxist_research_note.pdf">Research Note on the Archive</a>, <i>Capital and Class,</i> no. 89.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3780/is_200607/ai_n16537435/">"Research Note on the Marxists Internet Archive"</a>, Conference of Socialist Economists, Summer 2006.</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/39/index.html">Review from "WorldHistorySources", Mills Kelly, 2003</a> Center for History and New Media, George Mason University, Fairfax County (USA).</li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1906210#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata600" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1906210#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata600" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159813024">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2006061007">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987010483152405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-25" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Marxists_Internet_Archive&oldid=1292218992">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>